Headache

Chronic Migraine

Chronic migraine refers to migraine headaches occurring at least 15 days per month, frequently associated with significant functional impairment and depression.

Outcomes of Treatment in Chronic Migraine Patients (N = 784)

2022

GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, HIT-6 = Headache Impact Test, PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire, PROMIS = Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System.

In 2022, 784 patients with chronic migraine completed at least 1 questionnaire following treatment. Of the 267 patients who reported HIT-6 scores > 50 at initial evaluation (higher scores indicate greater impairment secondary to headache pain¹), 91% reported improvement or remained stable. The PROMIS is a self-reported measure of physical and emotional health status reflecting health-related quality of life.² Of the 517 patients who reported initial PROMIS global health more than one-half standard deviation below the normative mean, 93% improved or remained stable. Of the 315 patients who reported initial depressive symptoms above the cutoff of ≥ 10 points for the PHQ-9 (higher scores indicate greater depression³), 97% remained improved or stable at follow-up. Of the 198 patients who reported initial anxiety symptoms above the cutoff of ≥ 10 points for the GAD-7,⁴ 97% remained improved or stable at follow-up.

References
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  2. Hays RD, Bjorner JB, Revicki DA, Spritzer KL, Cella D. Development of physical and mental health summary scores from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) global items. Qual Life Res. 2009 Sep;18(7):873-880.
  3. Löwe B, Unützer J, Callahan CM, Perkins AJ, Kroenke K. Monitoring depression treatment outcomes with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Med Care. 2004 Dec;42(12):1194-1201.
  4. Toussaint A, Hüsing P, Gumz A, Wingenfeld K, Harter M, Löwe B. Sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7). J Affect Disord. 2020 Mar 15;265:395-401.