Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare blood disorder that starts at birth. It keeps your bone marrow from making enough red blood cells, leading to anemia and sometimes other health issues. Though it’s lifelong, treatments can ease symptoms and improve quality of life.
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Diamond-Blackfan anemia (sometimes called Blackfan, DB anemia or DBA) is a very rare blood disorder. It keeps your bone marrow from making enough red blood cells. You need red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout your body.
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Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy
DBA is a genetic disorder that happens when certain genes have variations (changes). Those genetic changes determine what kind of symptoms you have and whether those symptoms are mild or severe.
Almost everyone with DBA has anemia, and some also have other health issues that affect daily life. Over time, there’s also a higher risk of certain cancers, especially leukemia.
DBA affects around 1 in 500,000 babies. It’s a lifelong condition, but treatment can manage symptoms and improve your quality of life.
Diamond-Blackfan anemia symptoms range from mild to severe and may include:
Diamond-Blackfan anemia happens when there’s a change in your ribosomal protein genes. Your ribosomal protein genes make red blood cells. The changes cause a decrease in red blood cell production, leading to anemia.
Between 10% to 25% of people with DBA inherit it from their biological parents. Most cases occur in people with no family history of the condition.
Possible complications of Diamond-Blackfan anemia include:
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If you have DBA, you have a slightly increased risk of developing these conditions:
Healthcare providers may use several tests to diagnose this condition:
Treatments for DB anemia, from most to least common, include:
Steroids typically help within two to four weeks. Blood transfusions usually bring fast relief.
Everyone’s different, so ask your provider what to expect in your case.
With treatment, the outlook is good, but it requires lifelong care and monitoring. Your risk of serious complications increases around age 25.
How long someone lives with DBA depends on their symptoms and treatment. Research shows that about 75% of people with DBA are alive at age 50. But because it’s rare, data is limited. Your provider can offer more personalized information.
If you have Diamond-Blackfan anemia, you’ll need to stay in close communication with your healthcare provider. See them for routine check-ups.
You should also tell your provider if your symptoms get worse. For instance, if you’re suddenly more tired all the time or have had several recent infections, let them know.
Call 911 or head to your nearest emergency room if you develop:
Living with a lifelong illness like Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is hard, especially when it affects your child. It can be even tougher when most people have never heard of it. You might feel alone, but you’re not. Your provider can connect you with resources, support and a care plan tailored to your needs.
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When you have Diamond-Blackfan anemia, you need to manage it for life. That means you’ll want the best care. Cleveland Clinic is here for you.
Last reviewed on 05/13/2025.
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