Types of Rare Cancers We Treat
Cleveland Clinic’s oncology and hematology providers have experience with rare cancers and can provide the care you need. We treat rare cancers by body system, including:
Digestive cancer
Endocrine cancer
Cancer that affects hormone-producing organs, like the thymus and thyroid glands:
- Thymoma and thymic carcinoma
- Advanced differentiated, anaplastic and medullary thyroid cancers
Rare neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), including:
- Prostate NETs
- MEN syndrome
- Gastrointestinal NETs: Appendix, pancreas, rectum, small bowel and stomach
- Gynecologic NETs: Small and large cell
Eye cancer
Care for eye tumors, such as:
- Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma
- Ocular lymphoma and metastasis
- Orbital lymphoma, tumors and metastasis
- Retinal hemangioma and retinoblastomas
- Uveal melanoma
Gynecologic cancer
Comprehensive treatment for:
Head and neck cancer
- Care for sinonasal cancer and salivary gland tumors, like minor salivary, submandibular and parotid gland cancers
Respiratory and circulatory system cancer
Cancers affecting your chest and blood vessels, including:
- Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE)
- Chest wall sarcomas: Angiosarcomas, Askin’s tumor, primary soft tissue and radiation-induced
- Mesothelioma: Pericardial, peritoneal, pleural and testicular
Skin cancer
Urinary tract cancers
Urinary tumors, such as:
- Non-clear cell kidney cancer
- Adrenocortical carcinoma
- Upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUCs): Renal pelvic cancer and ureteral cancer
- Bladder cancer: Squamous cell, small cell and sarcomatoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma
Types of Blood Diseases We Treat
Our hematology team provides expert care for rare and complex blood diseases, including:
Leukemia
Treatment for leukemias, like:
- Atypical chronic myeloid and chronic myeloid leukemias (CMLs)
- Aplastic anemia
- B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
- Chronic eosinophilic leukemia
- Chronic neutrophilic leukemia
- Biphenotypic leukemia
- Large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia (T and NK cell)
- Natural killer (NK)-cell leukemia
- T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
Lymphoma
Personalized care for all lymphomas, including:
Acquired bone marrow failures and cytopenias
Care for bone marrow failures and cytopenias you develop after birth, including:
- B19 parvovirus-related transient aplastic crisis
- Idiopathic aplastic anemia
- Idiopathic and autoimmune neutropenia
- Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Pure red cell aplasia
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Telomeropathies
- NK-cell LGL
- T-cell LGL
- VEXAS
Congenital and inherited bone marrow failures and cytopenias
Care for conditions that develop or are inherited before birth, such as:
- Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
- Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT)
- Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA)
- Dyskeratosis congenita
- Fanconi anemia
- Severe congenital neutropenia
- Cyclic neutropenia
- Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS)
- Thrombocytopenia absent radii syndrome (TAR)
- Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP)
- Clonal cytopenias of undetermined significance (CCUS)
- Idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance (ICUS)
- Short telomere syndromes
- Telomeropathies
- Other rare myeloid disorders
Castleman disease
Treatment for all Castleman disease (CD), including:
- Unicentric CD
- Idiopathic multicentric CD (iMCD)
- iMCD-TAFRO
- POEMS-associated MCD
- HHV-8+ HIV+ MCD
Histiocytic disorders
- Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN)
- Erdheim-Chester disease
- Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS)
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
- Histiocytic sarcoma
- Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- Macrophage-activation syndrome
- Rosai-Dorfman disease
Plasma disorders
Other blood diseases
If you don’t see your diagnosed condition listed under the rare cancers or blood disorders we treat, please give us a call. We may still be able to help.
Diagnosing Rare Cancer and Blood Diseases at Cleveland Clinic
Because fewer people have these conditions, it’s important to get care from providers who have experience in identifying and treating them. Cleveland Clinic experts do this every day. Our highly skilled, compassionate providers diagnose and treat many rare cancers and blood diseases (cancerous and noncancerous).
Diagnostic tests
Your provider may order certain tests to help confirm if you have a rare cancer or blood disease and what kind it is. These tests can also help us rule out other conditions that could be causing your symptoms. You might have:
Second opinions for rare cancer and blood diseases
Being diagnosed with a rare cancer or blood disease can be emotional and overwhelming. There are so many things to think about. But one thing is certain — finding the best possible care is the most important first step. Feeling confident that you’re working with a team of healthcare providers you trust completely is key. That’s why we encourage second opinions.
Our highly skilled, experienced cancer specialists will spend time with you to help you better understand your diagnosis and what treatment options might be best for you. And because we know that cancer doesn’t wait, we always try to meet with as soon as possible. Getting a second opinion can make you feel in control of your care and give you peace of mind, knowing you’re in the most capable hands.
Want a second opinion without the need to travel? Our virtual second opinions connect you with an expert without the need to leave home. You’ll get the guidance you need to help you move forward with confidence.
Meet Our Rare Cancer and Blood Diseases Team
We believe in a team approach at Cleveland Clinic. Depending on your diagnosis and unique needs, your care team could include specialists from many different areas, including:
Cleveland Clinic has many experts who treat rare cancers and blood diseases, each with different areas of expertise. The providers you'll see will depend on your specific diagnosis.
0 Providers Who Treat Rare Cancer and Blood Diseases
Locations
Our healthcare providers see patients at convenient locations in Northeast Ohio and Florida.
Treating Rare Cancer and Blood Diseases at Cleveland Clinic
To give you the most personalized treatment plan, your care team will spend some time getting to know you. They’ll want to understand what symptoms you have and how they’re affecting your life. They’ll listen to your concerns and goals, answer your questions and go over your test results with you. Then, using all this information, they’ll put together a comprehensive treatment plan that offers the best possible outcome, reduces your risk of complications and relieves your symptoms. Your treatment plan may include:
- Systemic therapy, which uses drugs to destroy cancer cells throughout your body. You might have CAR T-cell therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapy.
- Radiation therapy, which uses high-powered X-rays to destroy cancer cells or shrink tumors before surgery.
- Blood and marrow transplant (BMT), which replaces cancerous or damaged stem cells with healthy ones.
- Surgery, which removes a cancerous or growing tumor in your body.
Clinical trials
Cleveland Clinic experts lead and participate in clinical trials of new therapies to treat rare cancers and blood diseases. If you’re eligible, a clinical trial gives you the chance to receive the latest therapies for some conditions. If you’re interested, your provider can let you know if a clinical trial might be right for you.
Taking the Next Step
When you learn you might have a rare cancer or blood disease, it’s not unusual to worry about your future. And you may wonder if you can find healthcare providers who know what it takes to treat your condition. At Cleveland Clinic, you don’t have to look far. Our specialists are here to give you the personalized care you need to treat your rare cancer or blood disease. And we’ll stay by your side with compassionate support for as long as you need us.

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Survivorship
Learning you have cancer can be stressful, shocking and challenging. From the moment you get the news, you're a survivor. As you face the challenges that go along with cancer treatment and recovery — physical and emotional — we’ll be right there with you.
At Cleveland Clinic, survivorship care is one part of your journey. We offer a wide range of services, resources, clinics and support groups to help with any physical, emotional, financial and spiritual needs you might have related to your cancer diagnosis. Lending a helping hand along the way, we want you not only to survive but thrive on this journey and beyond.