Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a
hormonal imbalance that interferes with normal reproductive processes. PCOS
usually starts at puberty and is associated with irregular periods and other
hormone related symptoms. The most concerning issues with PCOS are the increase
of infertility, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular
disease, and the higher risk of developing endometrial (uterine) cancer at an early age.
What are the symptoms of PCOS?
- Irregular menstrual periods, or no menstrual periods at all
- Decreased frequency or complete lack of ovulation, resulting in problems
with infertility
- Obesity, often specifically characterized by weight gain in the upper
body and abdomen
- Oily skin and hair and persistent acne into adulthood
- Abnormal hair growth, in a masculine distribution (facial hair, heavy
hair growth on arms, chest, and abdomen)
- Tendency to develop type 2 diabetes
What causes PCOS syndrome?
Research is ongoing to uncover a cause for PCOS. There is evidence that
shows a link between certain forms of PCOS and family history, suggesting a
genetic basis for the condition.
How is PCOS diagnosed?
Most cases can be diagnosed with a thorough evaluation of your
medical history and symptoms, as well as a physical exam. A blood test may be
required to measure the levels of various hormones. In some cases, an ultrasound
of the ovaries may help with diagnosis.
How is PCOS treated?
Although PCOS can be treated with medications, treatment is often highly
dependent on your goals and your symptoms.
If you want to become pregnant, you may need the
assistance of oral or injected fertility medications. If you do not want to
become pregnant, you may consider birth control pills to prevent pregnancy and
regulate periods.
Other symptoms such as unwanted hair growth, acne,
obesity, and diabetes should be managed by specialists in those areas.
Specific treatment options should be discussed with your physician.
How can PCOS be prevented?
There is no known prevention for PCOS. However, through proper nutrition and
weight management many women with polycystic ovary syndrome can avoid developing
diabetes and cardiovascular problems.
How can I improve my chances of conceiving if I have PCOS?
While specific fertility issues should be addressed with your physician,
there are some general healthcare guidelines that may improve your chances of
becoming pregnant:
- Folic acid (400 mcg. supplement a day, with a diet rich in folic acid,
including leafy green vegetables, dried beans, liver, and citrus fruits)
- Limit caffeine (Fewer than two caffeinated beverages per day)
- Eat well (Healthy well-balanced diet)
- Exercise and maintain a healthy weight (Maintain a normal exercise
routine, 20 to 30 minutes per day, 4 to 5 times per week.)
This information is provided by your physician and the
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine and the Cleveland Clinic
Center for Specialized Women’s Health.
This information has not been designed to replace a physician's medical
assessment and medical judgment.
© Copyright 1995-2010 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All rights reserved.
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This information is provided by the Cleveland Clinic and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or health care provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition. This document was last reviewed on: 2/4/2010…#8316
