Understanding the Types of Neurofibromatosis
There are three kinds of neurofibromatosis. Each affects different parts of your body:
- Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1): The most common type is usually found in early childhood and can affect you your whole life. It often causes harmless tumors under your skin called (neurofibromas) and brown areas café-au-lait spots on your skin. It can also affect your vision and other parts of your body.
- NF-2-related schwannomatosis:If you have NF2, you were most likely diagnosed in adolescence or early adulthood. Previously known as neurofibromatosis type 2, it affects nerves linked to hearing and balance (auditory and vestibular nerves). Benign nerve tumors (acoustic neuromas or vestibular schwannomas) are common in this rarer type of neurofibromatosis.
- Schwannomatosis:The rarest type of neurofibromatosis causes lumps called schwannomas to grow on your nerves. These lumps are usually benign, but they can still hurt and make it harder to move or keep your balance. We tell the types of schwannomatosis apart by the gene changes that cause them.
Diagnosing Neurofibromatosis at Cleveland Clinic
Neurofibromatosis and schwannomatosis show up differently for each person. That’s why it’s important to get a diagnosis and treatment from experienced healthcare providers. When you visit Cleveland Clinic, you’ll have an expert team to help you understand what to expect from tests and treatment.
What to expect at your first visit
When you come for your first appointment, your provider will take time to get to know you and understand your condition. They’ll ask a lot of questions so they can get a better idea of what’s happening, like:
- If you already know you have neurofibromatosis, when were you diagnosed?
- What symptoms do you have and when did you first notice them?
- Have these symptoms been getting worse and affecting your daily life?
- Have you been diagnosed with any other health conditions?
- Does anyone else in the family have neurofibromatosis?
Your provider will also do a physical exam to check for signs of neurofibromatosis, like tumors, skin spots or heart problems. You might also have a hearing test and eye exam.
If you have tumors you can see or feel, your provider take a small sample (biopsy) to check if they are cancer. You may also have blood tests to check your overall health and rule out other problems.
Our team may also order imaging tests like an MRI or CT scan to get a closer look at your brain and nervous system.
Because neurofibromatosis is passed down through families, your provider will likely suggest genetic testing as part of your care.
Meet Our Neurofibromatosis Team
Our team-based approach to care means you have all the specialty providers you need working together (and with you) to plan and manage your treatment, like:
Depending on your needs, you may also see specialists in fields like pain management, fertility and mental health.
0 Providers Who Treat Neurofibromatosis
Locations
We offer treatment for neurofibromatosis at the following location in Northeast Ohio.
Treating Neurofibromatosis at Cleveland Clinic
No matter what type of neurofibromatosis you have, it’s something you’ll manage throughout your life. Our team cares for the many symptoms that come with NF, including:
Treatment can look different for each person, so your care team will help create a plan that’s right for you. This might include medicine, surgery, or regular checkups to keep an eye on things.
Regular checkups and tests
You’ll have regular testing and visits with your care team. These visits are a great time to share an update on your symptoms and any other concerns. We’ll use these checkups to track tumor growth, vision and hearing problems, and more. These visits also allow us to treat any complications quickly.
Sometimes, your provider may choose to keep an eye on your symptoms rather than start treatment right away. This may be the case if they’re stable and aren’t interfering with your daily life.
Your providers can recommend oral or IV (through a vein) medications to manage pain, or physical therapy to help with movement problems. They may also talk with you about hearing aids, glasses and other tools to help with everyday living.
Surgery
Tumors from neurofibromatosis can cause problems with hearing, balance, movement, and more. Your care team may suggest surgery to remove all or part of a tumor, depending on its size, where it is and your symptoms. Some types of neurofibromatosis can also lead to cataracts, cloudy areas on your eyes’ lenses that can cause vision loss. We may recommend surgery for those too.
Radiation therapy and chemotherapy
We also can shrink tumors using radiation or chemotherapy. Computer-guided Gamma Knife® surgery treats tumors with highly focused radiation in a single dose.
Support and counseling
Living with a long-term condition like neurofibromatosis can be stressful — and you may decide you need extra help. Our caring providers can connect you and your family with counselors, support groups, and other resources.
Taking the Next Step
Taking care of yourself when you have neurofibromatosis means making good choices every day. Having compassionate and skilled healthcare providers by your side can make this easier. Our team will work with you to create a care plan that fits your needs and goals. We want to support you in living your life to the fullest.

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