A neurofibroma is a benign tumor that develops along your nerve cells. Neurofibromas are symptoms of neurofibromatosis, a rare, inherited group of conditions. Children born with neurofibromatosis may have tumors on their skin, under their skin or deeper in their bodies. Healthcare providers treat neurofibromas with surgery.
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A neurofibroma is a benign tumor that develops along your nerve cells. This tumor is a symptom of a group of rare, inherited conditions called neurofibromatosis. People born with neurofibromatosis may have tumors on their skin, under their skin or deeper in their bodies. Most neurofibromas don’t cause medical problems. Some larger neurofibromas can affect many nerves and cause serious medical issues. Healthcare providers treat neurofibromas with surgery.
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Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy
People are born with neurofibromas, but it can be years before the tumors become noticeable. Neurofibromas typically become more noticeable during adolescence. Approximately 1 in 3,000 children have neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), which is usually diagnosed by age 10. Approximately 25% of those children develop tumors that grow large enough to cause serious medical issues.
Neurofibromas affect people in different ways depending on the tumor type, size and location. Some neurofibromas cause small lumps or patches of thickened skin. Other larger neurofibromas can affect people’s internal organs and spinal cords.
Most neurofibromas aren’t cancerous, or malignant. But about 10% of all plexiform neurofibromas can become cancerous.
Neurofibroma symptoms vary depending on the tumor type, size and location. Some people who have neurofibromas may never have symptoms. But sometimes, neurofibromas can cause serious medical issues such as paralysis or blindness. Here’s information about neurofibroma types and related symptoms:
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Neurofibromas that develop on or under your skin look very different from plexiform neurofibromas that can develop deeper in your body. Neurofibromas can look like:
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) affects about 1 in 3,300 newborns. Neurofibromas is one symptom of NF1. Other symptoms include:
Neurofibromas are a symptom of neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) that’s caused when a gene called the NF1 gene mutates or changes. The NF1 gene carries instructions for making a protein called neurofibromin.
Neurofibromin is a tumor suppressor protein that normally prevents cells from growing or dividing too quickly or uncontrollably. It does that by managing a protein called a ras protein that supports cell growth and division. When the NF1 gene mutates, it stops blocking cell growth, paving the way for cells to multiply and become tumors.
People can inherit NF1 if one parent is carrying the genetic mutation. That parent may have inherited the mutation from one of their parents. About 50% of people with NF1 don’t have a family history of the disease.
Healthcare providers typically use a physical examination to diagnose neurofibromas. They might also use the following imaging tests:
Healthcare providers have several ways to treat neurofibromas:
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Neurofibroma surgery side effects vary based on the surgery type. For example, surgery to remove tumors on your skin will have different side effects from surgery to remove tumors from your spine. If you’re planning neurofibroma surgery, ask your healthcare provider for information about surgery side effects.
Neurofibromas can be a symptom of an inherited disorder. That means you can’t prevent these tumors from developing.
Generally speaking, most people who develop neurofibromas aren’t affected by the condition. But people who have lots of these tumors or have noticeable tumors may feel their appearance affects their quality of life. If that’s your situation, talk to your healthcare provider about surgery to remove the visible tumors that make you feel uncomfortable or self-conscious. Neurofibromas rarely come back after surgery.
Neurofibromas are benign tumors that rarely cause serious medical issues. People who have many neurofibromas or noticeably large neurofibromas sometimes feel self-conscious about their appearance, though. Surgery might be an option.
A note from Cleveland Clinic
Being diagnosed with a benign tumor may not be as unnerving or scary as being diagnosed with a cancerous tumor. But even a benign tumor like a neurofibroma can have an impact on your life. Neurofibromas can affect your appearance. Some people develop neurofibromas that grow large enough to affect nearby organs and tissues. If you’ve been diagnosed with neurofibromas, ask your healthcare provider about surgery to remove your neurofibromas. Neurofibromas can also be a symptom of neurofibromatosis, a rare, inherited condition that can cause serious medical issues. Ask your healthcare provider if your tumor is a symptom of neurofibromatosis.
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Last reviewed on 03/14/2022.
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