Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) targets small tumors with large radiation doses without damaging nearby healthy tissue. It can deliver the optimal dose of radiation in fewer treatment sessions than conventional radiation therapy. It’s a noninvasive alternative to surgery for some lung, prostate, liver and pancreatic cancers.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a cancer treatment that delivers highly concentrated doses of targeted radiation to a single or solitary tumor. A type of stereotactic radiosurgery, SBRT is a technological advancement in the field of radiation therapy.
Unlike conventional radiation, SBRT delivers the optimal dosage of radiation over a shorter time period (days, not weeks). It delivers large radiation doses to the tumor itself while limiting the amount of radiation going to nearby healthy tissue and organs, where it could cause damage.
Radiation oncologists use SBRT to treat small tumors. Your provider may also recommend SBRT if you have health problems that prevent you from getting surgery.
SBRT is a noninvasive alternative to surgery for treating:
Cancer types treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy include:
Advertisement
Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy
Your healthcare provider will review your medical history and check your current health to ensure you’re a good candidate for SBRT. They’ll explain what happens during the procedure, including benefits and potential risks. If you agree that SBRT is the right option, you’ll sign an informed consent form.
While everyone’s experience may be a bit different, your provider will likely let you know:
Treatment simulation for SBRT happens before the actual procedure. It allows your healthcare provider to map out the target treatment area and start designing the treatment.
Simulation typically involves:
Your simulation session is a great opportunity to talk to your provider about the mapping process, like whether you’re in a comfortable position or if being unable to move makes you feel anxious. Based on how you’re feeling, your provider can take steps to ensure you’re as comfortable as possible during treatment.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy doesn’t hurt and is much like having an X-ray. Your healthcare provider will take steps to ensure your comfort. Still, remember that you can stop the treatment session any time you start feeling anxious or uneasy.
During treatment:
You won’t feel anything during treatment, but you may hear some noise from the machine as it moves.
Advertisement
The technicians will help you up from the treatment table.
Depending on your treatment schedule, this may be your only session, or you may need a few others. SBRT treatment usually involves one to five sessions that take place over one to two weeks.
Tumors that respond well to treatment typically shrink over the next few months.
Side effects vary, depending on the type of cancer and your overall health:
Studies show that SBRT is an effective treatment for some cancers. SBRT lets healthcare providers target tumors while limiting the radiation’s impact on nearby organs and tissues. It allows them to remove tumors with near-surgical precision, but without surgery.
SBRT also requires fewer treatments than conventional radiation therapy. This may decrease your risk of side effects.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy is an effective alternative to surgery in some cases. For example, recent studies show that SBRT is just as effective as surgery for treating some early-stage lung and prostate cancers. For some people, SBRT is also a noninvasive alternative to surgery for slowing tumor growth in cancers that have spread.
Advertisement
In rare cases, SBRT can cause long-term side effects if the radiation damages healthy tissue. When this happens, the side effects depend on which organ was impacted by radiation exposure. But one of the key benefits of SBRT is the precise way in which it’s delivered. Your care team will design your treatment so the radiation impacts tumors, not healthy tissue.
All radiation therapy comes with the very small potential that you’ll develop cancer from your treatment. But another benefit of SBRT is that treatment limits the impact radiation has on healthy organs and tissues. Your healthcare provider will check you regularly for any new or recurring cancer.
Most people can go back to work or resume other daily activities one or two days after SBRT treatment. You should be able to resume eating and drinking as usual immediately after the procedure.
You’ll likely have a routine schedule of follow-ups after your treatment. At these appointments, your healthcare provider can update you on how SBRT is working, and you can let them know about your experiences after treatment. But you should call your healthcare provider if your side effects are different from what you expected.
Contact your healthcare provider right away if you suddenly feel short of breath after SBRT for lung cancer.
SBRT and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) are both types of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). This means they use a machine outside of your body to direct radiation toward a tumor.
While both use technology to target tumors with precision (so there’s minimal radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissue), IMRT is more commonly used in conventional EBRT. Conventional EBRT can treat larger targets (including the cancer and the areas where it’s spread) than SBRT. SBRT treats select small tumors only using a stronger dose. The stronger dosage shortens treatment time from several weeks (as with conventional EBRT) to just one to five sessions.
Your healthcare provider may recommend you receive SBRT, IMRT or (in some cases) both types. Ask them to explain the benefits and potential risks of the treatment options they recommend.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an effective way to treat small, isolated tumors in your lungs, prostate, pancreas and liver while limiting damage to nearby vital organs. If you’re not a candidate for surgery, SBRT may be an option to destroy tumors or slow their growth. Not everyone will benefit from SBRT, so talk to your healthcare provider about all of your treatment options. They’ll be glad to discuss the pros and cons of each and share their recommendations.
Last reviewed on 06/19/2024.
Learn more about our editorial process.
Advertisement
Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy