Unexplained Weight Loss

Unexplained weight loss is a noticeable drop in body weight that occurs even if the person is not trying to lose weight. Unexplained weight loss can be a symptom of a serious illness, including cancer or diabetes. Treatment involves identifying the underlying cause of the weight loss.

Overview

What is unexplained weight loss?

Unexplained weight loss is a noticeable drop in body weight that occurs even if the person is not trying to lose weight. The weight loss does not come about because of diet, exercise or lifestyle changes. Weight loss of 10 pounds or more, or five percent of body weight, over a period of 6 to 12 months is considered “unexplained.”

Unexplained weight loss can be a symptom of a serious condition or illness. For this reason, it is important to seek medical attention if you (or a family member) have weight loss that cannot be explained.

Advertisement

Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy

Who is at risk for unexplained weight loss?

Unexplained weight loss can occur in anyone. However, it is most common (and most serious) in people who are over the age of 65. Even unexplained weight loss of less than 5 percent of body weight or 10 pounds may be the sign of a serious condition in older people.

Symptoms and Causes

What are the causes of unexplained weight loss?

Unexplained weight loss can be caused by conditions that range from mild to very serious. The causes can be physical or psychological, and include:

Advertisement

Diagnosis and Tests

When should I see a doctor about unexplained weight loss?

You should consult your physician if you have lost more than 5 percent of body weight or 10 pounds without trying in a period of 6 to 12 months. This is especially important if you have other symptoms, too.

How is unexplained weight loss diagnosed?

To diagnose your weight loss, your doctor will give you a physical examination and ask you such questions as:

  • How much weight have you lost?
  • When did the weight loss begin?
  • Are you taking any medications?
  • Have your eating patterns changed?
  • Are you exercising more?
  • Have you been sick recently?
  • Are you feeling tired more often?
  • Do you have any dental problems?
  • Do you have any problems with swallowing?
  • Have you been vomiting?
  • Are you experiencing stress?
  • Have you had any fainting episodes?
  • Do you have increased thirst?
  • Are you urinating more than usual?
  • Do you have diarrhea?
  • Are you depressed?
  • How much alcohol do you drink per day?

The answers to these questions will help your doctor determine if other tests might be needed, such as blood work and imaging scans (X-rays, etc.).

Advertisement

Management and Treatment

How is unexplained weight loss treated?

Unexplained weight loss is treated by identifying the underlying condition (the condition or illness that is causing the weight loss). If no underlying condition is identified right away, your doctor may recommend a wait-and-see approach, along with a special diet.

For instance, your doctor may recommend that you use nutrition shakes to get more calories, or add flavor enhancers to your food to improve the taste so that you eat more. You may be also be referred to a dietitian for advice and counseling.

Medically Reviewed

Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 08/31/2018.

Learn more about our editorial process.

Ad
Appointments 216.444.7000