Pulmonary nodules are small spots in the lungs formed by cancer, infection (particularly from fungal organisms,) or inflammatory conditions (such as sarcoidosis and Wegener’s). Frequently, pulmonary nodules are due to inactive scar tissue from prior infection or inflammation, and the term “granuloma” may be applied to this x-ray appearance. Pulmonary nodules are intact and are surrounded by normal tissue. The nodules themselves produce no symptoms, and many are discovered accidentally on a chest x-ray. Their presence may be confirmed by CT or PET scan.
A specific diagnosis requires a biopsy. This may be performed by bronchoscopy, fine needle aspiration or surgical removal, depending on the location of the nodule. If the nodule must be removed surgically, the size of the nodule, its location and the patient’s medical history will determine whether the operation is performed minimally invasively or with standard technique.
Or call 216.444.6503 or 800.223.2273 Ext. 46503 to schedule an appointment with a Cleveland Clinic pulmonary physician.
