Barium Enema

What is barium enema?

Barium enema is an X-ray examination of the rectum and colon. It is also called a lower gastrointestinal tract radiography. The study is performed by pouring contrast (liquid containing barium sulfate) through a tube inserted into the anus. This liquid coats the inside of the large intestine and clearly shows its outline on an X-ray image. These pictures help the doctor to detect abnormalities of the colon.

Why is barium enema done?

A barium enema helps a doctor to see the shape, lining and size of the colon and rectum. Your physician may request that you have a barium enema to assess symptoms, such as the following:

• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Changes in bowel habits
• Blood in stool
• Unexplained weight loss

The exam may diagnose diseases, including:

• Inflammatory bowel disease – Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
• Diverticulosis – small outpouchings of the colon lining
• Colon cancer
• Polyps – abnormal growths arising from the colon wall
• Colonic volvulus – abnormal twisting of the bowel