Esophageal disorders affect your esophagus, the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. The most common type is GERD. Disorders like GERD, achalasia and Barrett’s esophagus cause heartburn or swallowing problems and increase your risk for esophageal cancer. Medications, along with dietary and lifestyle changes, can help.
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Esophageal disorders are a collection of conditions that affect how the esophagus works. Your esophagus — or the food pipe — is the part of the digestive system that helps food travel from your mouth to your stomach.
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Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy
Different diseases can affect the esophagus, causing dysphagia or difficulty swallowing. The most common esophageal disorder is gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is the condition in which excessive stomach acid moves back into the esophagus (acid reflux), causing inflammation.
Types of esophageal disorders include:
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Factors that increase the chances of developing an esophageal disorder include:
Symptoms vary depending on the type of esophageal disorder. You may experience:
Your healthcare provider will evaluate your symptoms and perform a physical exam. They may feel your neck while you swallow.
Diagnostic tests for esophageal disorders include:
Treatments vary depending on the condition. They may include:
GERD, or acid reflux, can lead to other, more serious esophageal disorders. You can take these steps to prevent or reduce GERD and esophageal problems:
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Without proper treatment, certain esophageal disorders like GERD and achalasia can increase your risk of esophageal cancer.
Regurgitation may cause food to go into your trachea (windpipe) and lungs. This problem (called aspiration) can lead to pneumonia and lung infections. Swallowing problems also make you more prone to malnutrition and dehydration.
Many people with esophageal disorders get symptom relief with over-the-counter or prescription medications. Certain conditions, like esophageal cancer or achalasia, may require surgery. Treatments combined with dietary and lifestyle changes can keep symptoms in check.
You may want to ask your healthcare provider:
A note from Cleveland Clinic
Esophageal disorders can be uncomfortable or painful. The most common type, GERD, causes heartburn. If not treated, GERD and some other esophageal disorders can put you at risk for esophageal cancer. Medications often improve symptoms and keep these diseases in check. More serious esophageal disorders like cancer and achalasia may require surgery. Your healthcare provider can recommend dietary and lifestyle changes to reduce your risk of discomfort and serious complications.
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Last reviewed on 08/10/2021.
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