Norepinephrine and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRIs)

What are NDRIs?

NDRIs (norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors) are a class of medications that affect two molecules in your brain which play a role in mood and attention.

Your healthcare provider may prescribe this medication to treat symptoms of depression or ADHD, although they can be used for other conditions, as well.

What are the types of NDRIs?

There are many different types of NDRIs. Some of the most common include:

• Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
• Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
• Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)

What conditions do NDRIs help treat?

NDRIs can help you manage the following conditions:

• Anxiety
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Bipolar disorder
• Depression
• Narcolepsy
• Seasonal affective disorder
• Tobacco use disorder

How do NDRIs work?

NDRIs affect the activity of norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. These molecules are known as neurotransmitters, which help different parts of your brain communicate.

What are the benefits of NDRIs?

NDRIs may help you manage symptoms of depression, ADHD, anxiety and other mental health or neurodevelopmental conditions. It may also prevent cravings that happen when you quit smoking or using products that contain nicotine.

How do NDRIs make you feel?

NDRIs affect each person differently. For example, you may feel at ease or calmer in situations that used to cause you anxiety. Your mood may improve when you take the medication. You might have more focus and feel like you aren’t fidgety.

It could take a few weeks before you notice an effect. Stick to your treatment plan and follow up with your healthcare provider if you have questions about what you should expect.

What are the side effects of NDRIs?

Your healthcare provider will let you know about the risks of NDRIs before you begin treatment. These medications may have an addiction potential and possibly dangerous side effects, so your provider will want to monitor how your body responds to this drug.

Some of the most common side effects of NDRIs include:

• Difficulty sleeping
• Dizziness
• Dry mouth
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Loss of appetite

Serious side effects that require immediate medical treatment include but aren’t limited to the following:

• Allergic reaction (face and throat swelling, rash, itching)
• Confusion
• Hallucinations
• Irregular heartbeat
• Seizure

How long does it take for NDRIs to work?

Generally, these medications work within two to four weeks. But it can take longer to receive the full benefit. You’ll need to follow your provider’s treatment plan and take medication as directed for best results. Your provider may adjust your dosage over time.

Even if you feel better, don’t stop taking this medication unless your provider approves it. You may need to decrease your dosage slowly instead of stopping this medication suddenly to prevent negative effects.

When should I call my healthcare provider?

Contact your healthcare provider if you experience any medication side effects.

You should regularly see your provider while you’re taking an NDRI. Your provider will want to see how well your treatment is working.