Swollen Testicles (Scrotal Swelling)

What are swollen testicles?

Swollen testicles (scrotal swelling) can be a sign of many conditions, including:

• Infection
• Injury
• Testicular tumor

If you have swollen testicles, they appear larger and may be discolored (red, purple, brown or black) and shiny. You may notice a lump (scrotal mass). But you may also have swelling with no lump. Sometimes, both testicles swell. Other times, only one does.

Get medical help as quickly as possible if you have swollen testicles, especially if they’re painful.

What other symptoms might I have that go along with it?

If you have swollen testicles, you may also have other symptoms, such as:

• Bruising
• Difficulty peeing (urinary hesitancy)
• Discharge from your penis
• Nausea and vomiting
• Testicular pain

Why are my testicles swollen?

Many conditions can cause swelling in one or both of your testicles. Some common causes include:

• Epididymitis: Swelling in the tube at the back of your testicle that carries sperm, often from an STI or infection
• Fluid buildup (edema): May be a sign of congestive heart failure
• Hydrocele: Painless fluid buildup in your scrotum, common in babies
• Inguinal hernia: Fatty tissue or intestines poke into your groin
• Orchitis: Swelling in one or both testicles, usually from an infection
• Spermatocele: Fluid-filled cyst above or behind your testicle
• Testicular cancer: Usually affects one testicle, rarely both
• Testicular torsion: Twisting of the spermatic cord, cutting off blood flow —this is a medical emergency
• Trauma: Direct strike or accident
• Tuberculosis: Rare bacterial infection that may cause swelling
• Varicocele: Swollen veins in your scrotum

Can surgery make my testicles swell?

Yes. Swelling is common after surgery as your body heals. Procedures in the abdomen or genital area, like a vasectomy, can cause scrotal swelling. Providers may recommend icing the area or taking NSAIDs to help with pain and swelling.

Do swollen testicles cause pain?

Sometimes, swollen testicles cause pain. Other times, you may notice swelling without pain. It depends on the cause. Infections, torsion and trauma often cause pain, while spermatoceles and testicular cancer may not.

How are swollen testicles treated?

Treatment depends on the cause. A healthcare provider will review your medical history, ask questions and perform a physical exam. They may also recommend tests like a urinalysis or an ultrasound.

Some causes, like testicular torsion, may require immediate surgery. Infections are typically treated with antibiotics.

How do you treat it at home?

You can help treat scrotal swelling at home by:

• Avoiding strenuous activities
• Elevating your scrotum with a towel
• Taking a bath
• Using over-the-counter pain relievers
• Wearing an athletic supporter
• Applying a wrapped icepack to your scrotum

Can swollen testicles be prevented?

You can reduce your risk by:

• Avoiding tobacco
• Eating healthy
• Exercising regularly
• Practicing safe sex
• Wearing protective gear during sports

Regular testicular self-exams can help detect changes early.

Will the swelling go away?

Scrotal swelling usually resolves after treating the underlying cause. Don’t hesitate to contact a healthcare provider if you notice swelling.

What are the red flags for testicular swelling?

Contact a healthcare provider immediately if you have swelling along with:

• Blood in your pee or semen
• Changes in testicle appearance
• Fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• Pain during sex or while peeing
• Severe genital pain without trauma

Should I go to the ER?

Yes — if there’s any doubt, go to the ER. Conditions like testicular torsion require urgent care to avoid losing a testicle.

Will swollen testicles affect my fertility?

Depending on the cause, swollen testicles may affect fertility. However, male infertility is often reversible after treating the underlying issue.