Pyomyositis

Pyomyositis (“pi-oh-my-oh-SIGH-tis") is a rare bacterial infection in your muscles. It causes an abscess — a swollen, pus-filled area — to form. Pyomyositis most commonly affects muscles in your lower body, like your thigh or pelvic muscles.

Since the abscess is deep in your muscle, you usually can’t see it just by looking at your body. It might cause pain or, eventually, swelling or a hard lump you can feel through your skin. You might have a hard time using the affected muscle like you normally would. For example, if you have an abscess in your thigh muscle, you might develop a limp.

Symptoms of pyomyositis

Symptoms include:

• Fever and chills
• Pain, tenderness or cramps in the affected muscle
• Swelling, redness or a hard lump under your skin
• Limited use of the affected muscle (like difficulty walking)
• Drop in blood pressure (shock), which may make you weak or dizzy

Stages of pyomyositis

Healthcare providers determine what stage of pyomyositis you have based on how severe or widespread the infection is.

• Stage 1: The affected muscle is painfully inflamed. Sometimes, a lump or hard area forms.
• Stage 2: A pus-filled abscess forms. You might have severe pain, swelling and fever. This stage can last one to three weeks. Most people are diagnosed in stage 2.
• Stage 3: The infection spreads throughout your body, causing additional abscesses. This can lead to severe complications, including organ failure.

Causes

The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (a staph infection) causes most cases of pyomyositis. Group A Streptococcus can also cause it. Experts aren’t sure exactly how these bacteria get into your muscles to cause pyomyositis— you don’t seem to need a break in your skin to get an infection.

Risk factors

Pyomyositis is more common in tropical areas of the world, but you can get it no matter where you live. You might be at a higher risk if you have:

• A weakened or suppressed immune system
• Diabetes
• A skin infection
• A recently injured muscle or history of intense exercise
• A history of injected drug use

Complications

If left untreated, the bacterial infection that causes pyomyositis can spread throughout your body. This can lead to septic shock, organ damage and death.

How doctors diagnose pyomyositis

Healthcare providers use an MRI — images of the inside of your body — to diagnose pyomyositis. They might also use blood tests or a bacterial culture to look for an infection.

It can be hard for providers to diagnose because its symptoms often look like other, more common issues. Depending on your symptoms, they may do additional tests or imaging while determining the cause.

How is pyomyositis treated?

Providers treat pyomyositis with antibiotics. They also may need to drain the abscess. In severe cases, you might need surgery to completely get rid of the infection.

When should I see my healthcare provider?

Contact a healthcare provider if you have an unexplained fever or muscle pain that doesn’t go away. Let them know if you’ve had any recent injuries or if you have any risk factors for pyomyositis.

What can I expect if I have pyomyositis?

When caught in stages 1 or 2, pyomyositis is often treatable with antibiotics. You’ll get them through an IV in your arm or take them by mouth for at least a week. You might need more extensive treatment if the infection has spread to the rest of your body. Pyomyositis can be fatal without treatment

What is the difference between myositis and pyomyositis?

Myositis is muscle inflammation that can have many causes. An infection causes pyomyositis, specifically.