Sensitive Teeth

What are sensitive teeth?

Teeth sensitivity (dentin hypersensitivity) happens when the outer layer of your teeth (called enamel) wears down. This can expose the softer layer underneath (called dentin), which is more sensitive. Exposed dentin can make it painful to eat or drink something hot, cold, sweet or sour.

Dentin has tiny tubes that lead to the center of your tooth, where the nerve lives. These tubes let temperature changes and sugar reach the nerve and cause pain.

This can happen if your gums pull away from your teeth or your enamel wears down over time. Sometimes, tooth sensitivity is a sign of a bigger problem — like a cavity, gum disease or a cracked tooth.

What causes sensitive teeth?

There are lots of reasons your teeth might feel sensitive:

• Acidic foods: Citrus fruits, tomatoes, pickles and tea can wear down the outer layer of your teeth.
• Brushing too hard: Using too much pressure or a hard toothbrush can wear down enamel and make gums pull back.
• Cracked teeth: A crack or chip can let bacteria in and irritate your tooth.
• Gum disease: Swollen or infected gums can expose tooth roots.
• Gum recession: Thin or damaged gums may pull back and reveal the sensitive root surface.
• Mouthwash use: Some have acids that make sensitivity worse. Ask your dentist for a gentler formula.
• Plaque buildup: Too much plaque near the roots can trigger pain.
• Recent dental procedures: Fillings, cleanings or other treatments can cause short-term sensitivity.
• Teeth grinding: Clenching or grinding your teeth wears down enamel and can expose dentin.
• Teeth whitening products: Some can increase sensitivity. Ask your dentist about safer options.

Sensitive teeth can be frustrating, but there’s almost always a solution. Your dentist can help you pinpoint the cause and feel more comfortable again.

How are sensitive teeth treated?

Sometimes, tooth sensitivity goes away on its own, especially after a dental visit. But if your teeth hurt when they touch something hot, cold or sweet, talk to your dentist. They’ll look at what’s going on and suggest the best fix. Common treatments include:

• Dental bonding: Covers exposed roots
• Dentin sealant: Blocks pain signals
• Fluoride varnish: Strengthens enamel and reduces discomfort

Don’t ignore the pain. Getting care early can help prevent more serious problems.

What happens if you don’t treat it?

If sensitive teeth go untreated, you could end up with:

• An infected tooth
• Cavities
• Gum disease
• Long-term or worsening pain

Can sensitive teeth be prevented?

Sometimes, you can stop sensitivity before it starts. You can protect your teeth by:

• Brushing and flossing gently every day
• Limiting acidic foods like citrus and pickles
• Seeing your dentist regularly for cleanings and checkups
• Trying desensitizing toothpaste to reduce pain (you can also dab a little on the sore spot before bed)
• Using fluoride products to strengthen teeth
• Using a soft-bristled toothbrush to avoid further damage
• Wearing a mouth guard if you grind your teeth

When should sensitive teeth be treated by a dentist?

Make an appointment if your teeth hurt when you eat or drink something:

• Cold
• Hot
• Sweet

Questions to ask your dentist

You may want to ask your dentist:

• Why are my teeth sensitive?
• Do I need treatment?
• Can I stop it from getting worse?
• What products do you recommend?
• How often should I get my teeth cleaned?