Carney Complex

What is Carney complex?

Carney complex is a condition that creates changes in your skin’s color. It also causes noncancerous (benign) tumors to form in your body’s connective tissues and endocrine glands. A change (mutation) in a gene that parents pass to their children usually causes this condition.

Is Carney complex known by any other name?

Yes, Carney complex is also called:

• Carney syndrome.
• NAME (nevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid neurofibromas, and ephelides) syndrome.
• LAMB (lentigines, atrial myxoma, and blue nevi) syndrome.

Who might get Carney syndrome?

Carney complex is present at birth in people with a certain genetic mutation. But healthcare providers don’t diagnose most people with this condition until symptoms appear. Symptoms can appear at any time throughout childhood, but providers diagnose most people around age 20.

How common is Carney complex?

Carney complex is not common. Experts know of less than 750 people who have this condition.

What causes Carney complex?

Carney complex is a genetic disorder. The condition happens when there is a mutation in the PRKAR1A gene. DNA in this gene tells your body how to make an enzyme that controls how a certain protein behaves. When the PRKAR1A gene mutates, this enzyme can’t control the protein and cells begin to grow in ways they shouldn’t.

In about 70% of cases, Carney complex happens when one parent passes this genetic change to their child. But some people with this condition have a new genetic mutation that they didn’t get from a parent.

Are genetic mutations always the cause of Carney complex?

Some people with Carney complex don’t have a genetic mutation. Researchers think changes to part of a certain chromosome (molecules made of genes) can also cause Carney complex, but they’re still learning more about this.

What are the typical symptoms of Carney complex?

If you have Carney syndrome, you may notice changes in the color (pigmentation) of your skin. You may have many freckles or brown spots (lentigines). These spots can form anywhere but are common near the:

• Eyes.
• Lips.
• Genitals.

You might also develop moles that are blue or black (blue nevi).

Are there other symptoms of Carney syndrome?

Some people with Carney complex form tumors in their heart (cardiac myxoma). Tumors can also form in the:

• Bones.
• Breasts.
• Genitals.
• Glands that make hormones (the endocrine system).
• Nervous system.
• Skin.
• Top of the throat (oropharynx).

Often, these tumors are benign. But some tumors can become cancer (malignant).

Is Carney complex contagious?

No, Carney complex is not contagious.

How is Carney complex diagnosed?

If you or your healthcare providers notice symptoms of Carney complex, your provider will do a physical examination. They will also ask about any family history of the condition. You may need genetic testing to confirm the diagnosis.

What tests do healthcare providers use to diagnose Carney complex?

Depending on which symptoms you or your child have, healthcare providers may recommend:

• Echocardiogram.
• Blood laboratory tests and urine tests to check certain hormone levels.
• Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, MRI and X-ray.
• Skin biopsy.
• Genetic testing.

How is Carney complex treated?

Your healthcare provider will recommend treatments for you or your child based on specific symptoms. They may recommend:

• Open heart surgery to remove heart tumors.
• Surgery to remove tumors in the skin or certain glands.

Your provider will talk with you about the best treatment options.

Is Carney complex curable?

Carney complex is a lifelong condition. Your healthcare provider can recommend treatments to manage symptoms and help you or your child stay healthy.

How can I reduce my risk of developing Carney complex?

There’s no way to prevent Carney complex. If you're pregnant, genetic amniocentesis can help you know whether your baby might have certain genetic mutations.

How do I know if I’m at risk for Carney complex?

If someone in your family — especially a parent — has Carney complex, discuss this with your healthcare provider.

What can I expect if I have Carney complex?

If you have Carney complex, be sure to let your healthcare provider know about any new symptoms. Your provider may recommend regular tests to check your hormone levels and your health. You may have:

• An annual echocardiogram.
• Blood tests.
• Endocrine system evaluation.
• Skin checks.
• Testicular exam or ultrasound.

How long will I have Carney complex?

Carney complex is a lifelong condition. Your healthcare provider is an important partner in managing your symptoms and helping you stay healthy.

What is the outlook for people with Carney complex?

People with Carney complex may have a normal life expectancy. But it’s important to see your healthcare provider for regular screenings and follow-up visits.

Do tumors usually return after treatment for Carney complex?

Yes, it's common for tumors to return.

Is Carney complex cancerous?

Most tumors that develop in people with Carney complex are benign. But some tumors can become cancerous over time. Talk to your healthcare provider about new symptoms, and be sure to keep all follow-up appointments to check for tumor changes.

Are there complications of Carney complex?

Tumors that form in your pituitary gland (part of the endocrine system) can affect how your body makes hormones that control how you grow. If your body produces too much growth hormone, you might have:

• Arthritis.
• Changes to your face.
• Large hands and feet (acromegaly).

Tumors in other endocrine system glands can lead to:

• Cushing’s syndrome.
• Large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (a tumor that forms in your testicles).
• Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (adrenal tumors).
• Schwannomas.
• Thyroid nodules.

When should I see my healthcare provider if I have Carney complex?

Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and keep all testing and follow-up appointments. Let your healthcare provider know if you have any new symptoms.

Can Carney complex cause an emergency?

Tumors that form in your heart can interfere with blood flow. These blockages can lead to stroke, heart failure or sudden cardiac arrest. Let your healthcare provider know right away if you have:

• Changes in your heartbeat.
• Coughing or wheezing.
• Fatigue.
• Shortness of breath.
• Swelling (especially in your abdomen, ankles or feet).

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Carney complex is a rare genetic condition that causes skin pigmentation changes and benign tumors throughout your body during childhood and young adulthood. If these tumors cause problems with your heart or endocrine system, your provider may remove them during surgery. Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and keep all follow-up appointments to help you or your child stay healthy.