Spermicide

What is a spermicide?

Spermicides are a type of birth control that works by damaging sperm so it can’t cause pregnancy. You can find them in many different forms — like gels, creams and foams — that you put in your vagina before sex. Most spermicides contain a chemical called nonoxynol-9 (N-9). It stops sperm from moving. This prevents sperm from reaching and joining (fertilizing) an egg.

But spermicides aren’t the most reliable birth control method when you use them by themselves. They work best when you use them with another form of protection, like a condom. If you’re considering spermicide, it’s a good idea to talk to your healthcare provider. They can help you decide whether it’s right for you or suggest other options that might be a better fit for your lifestyle.

What are the different kinds of spermicides?

Spermicides come in many forms. Each type works differently. Be sure to read the label and wash your hands before use.

Gel, cream or jelly

Spermicide gel, cream or jelly typically comes in tubes, bottles or prefilled applicators. Some brands have applicators that are prefilled with spermicide. Others require you to fill it yourself. To release the medication, insert the applicator deep into your vagina. Spermicide in this form is most effective when you apply it 10 to 15 minutes before sex. It’s effective for about an hour, but you must reapply it if you have sex multiple times within an hour.

Foams

Spermicide foams come in an aerosol can and contain an applicator. You’ll fill the applicator with the foam according to the directions on the package. Typically, you shake the can to activate the foam. Then, you fill the applicator. You must insert the foam at least 10 to 15 minutes before sex. This type begins to lose its effectiveness after about 30 minutes. So, you have a small window of time for sex.

Suppositories

This type of spermicide comes in a tablet that melts once it’s inside your vagina. You might feel it melt. But not everyone does. Put it as deep into your vagina as possible. Insert the tablet at least 10 to 15 minutes before sex. This will give the tablet time to melt. It also becomes ineffective after about one hour.

Condoms

These are regular condoms that have spermicide coating. They can be pricier than regular condoms. They also expire sooner. But they offer two forms of pregnancy protection in one product — a barrier method and a spermicide.

Film

You insert a small, thin sheet of film deep into your vagina. It’s coated in spermicide and fully melts once it’s inside. You must insert it at least 15 minutes before intercourse so it has time to dissolve. It becomes ineffective after about an hour.

Sponge

You wet a small sponge containing spermicide with water. Once it’s wet, you insert the sponge deep into your vagina. The benefit of this method is you can insert it up to 24 hours prior to sex. After sex, leave it in for at least six hours. It’s also one of the more expensive forms of spermicide.

How do you use spermicide?

If you decide to use a spermicide, it’s important to use it correctly every time and follow the instructions on the package. Using it the right way every time is important for it to work. The instructions vary depending on the type of spermicide you use.

Here are some general rules about spermicide:

• Put it as far into your vagina as you can
• Put it in at least 10 to 15 minutes before sex
• Reapply spermicide each time you have sex
• Never wash out or remove spermicide after having sex

What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Spermicides are generally safe. But if they cause redness or irritation, it’s best to stop using them. There are many other forms of birth control that may work better for you.

Some of the advantages of using a spermicide are:

• It’s inexpensive.
• It’s easy to use and apply.
• You can buy it at most stores and supermarkets.
• It doesn’t contain hormones.
• It can double as a lubricant.
• You don’t need a prescription.

The biggest disadvantages of spermicides are:

• You must follow the instructions for it to work.
• You need to reapply it each time you have sex.
• It’s less effective than other birth control options.
• It doesn’t protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

The most common side effect of spermicide is pain and irritation in your vagina or penis. Once this irritation occurs, it’s easier for infection to enter your skin. Irritation can increase your risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and HIV infection.

How effective is spermicide?

Spermicide alone is one of the least effective methods of birth control. Even if you use it exactly right, 21 out of 100 women will get pregnant each year. If you’re trying to prevent pregnancy, you should combine it with another form of birth control to increase its effectiveness.

Does spermicide protect against sexually transmitted infections?

No, spermicide doesn’t protect you against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In fact, using it may irritate your skin, which increases the risk of infection. Using a condom is the best way to protect against STIs when having sexual intercourse.

When should I call my healthcare provider?

Contact your healthcare provider if you’re using a spermicide and have:

• Foul-smelling or oddly colored vaginal discharge
• Rash or sores on your vagina
• Pain when you pee
• Fever or chills
• Pelvic or abdominal pain
• Pain during sex