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Dental Impressions

Medically Reviewed.Last updated on 02/17/2026.

Dental impressions give your dentist a replica of your teeth and mouth, helping them plan treatments and design custom devices like crowns, aligners or dentures. Dentists create these impressions using either soft, moldable putty or advanced digital scanning technology.

Close-up of a blue dental impression showing upper teeth and palatal (roof of the mouth) details
Dental impressions create precise molds of a patient’s upper teeth and gum structure. (This photo only shows upper teeth, but impressions can be taken of upper and lower teeth.)

Dental impressions are molds of your teeth and surrounding oral tissues. Dentists use them to create a replica of your mouth, determine how your teeth fit together and plan treatments. They can be made with soft putty — often alginate or polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) — or a digital scanner.

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Impressions are used to make:

Types of dental impressions

There are three main kinds:

  • Preliminary: Used early in treatment planning for study models
  • Final: Used to create your dental appliance or final restoration
  • Bite registration: Shows how your top and bottom teeth fit together

How are dental impressions taken?

Dentists use either traditional putty or digital tools.

  • Traditional (putty-based) impressions: A soft material goes into a tray, which is pressed onto your teeth. After it hardens, the tray is removed and sent to a lab. There, technicians make a model of your mouth.
  • Digital impressions with a scanner: A dentist uses a small wand to take intraoral pictures of your teeth. A computer combines the images into a 3D model. These are sent electronically to a lab.

Here’s a quick comparison:

Feature
Comfort
Traditional (putty-based) impressions
May feel bulky, can trigger gag reflex
Digital impressions
More comfortable, especially if you have a strong gag reflex
Time
Traditional (putty-based) impressions
Takes a few minutes to set
Digital impressions
Quick scanning, often faster
Accuracy
Traditional (putty-based) impressions
Very accurate
Digital impressions
Equally or more accurate
Mess
Traditional (putty-based) impressions
Can leave slight residue
Digital impressions
No residue

Do dental impressions hurt?

Dental impressions don’t hurt, but the material can feel uncomfortable or trigger a gag reflex for some people. If you’re concerned, let your dentist know. They can recommend ways to make it easier.

Before your appointment

You don’t need to do much to prepare, but it helps to:

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  • Avoid eating sticky foods right before your visit
  • Brush and floss before your appointment
  • Let your dentist know if you have a strong gag reflex or dental anxiety

What happens after dental impressions?

Your dentist ships your impressions to a lab. A technician makes your appliance. This process takes one to several weeks. If you’re waiting on something like a crown or bridge, your dentist may offer a temporary solution.

Afterward, you may have a lingering taste in your mouth or pieces of the material left over. But you can rinse your mouth or have a sip of water. There are no eating or drinking restrictions unless your dentist says otherwise.

Why good dental impressions matter

Dental impressions help your dentist ensure your appliance fits comfortably and works as it should, giving you the best possible results.

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Dental impressions are a small but important step toward a healthier, confident smile. Your dentist is there to help you feel as comfortable as possible and to answer any questions you have.

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Medically Reviewed.Last updated on 02/17/2026.

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References

Cleveland Clinic’s health articles are based on evidence-backed information and review by medical professionals to ensure accuracy, reliability and up-to-date clinical standards.

Care at Cleveland Clinic

Dentistry plays an important role in oral health. Cleveland Clinic’s experts can design a personalized plan that will keep you smiling for the long haul.

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