What is breast self exam?
Breast self exam is a way a woman can examine her breasts to look for changes (such lumps or thickenings) that may signal breast cancer. When a woman detects breast cancer in its early stages, she greatly improves her chances of surviving the disease. Most lumps are not breast cancer, but you can help ensure your breast health by regularly performing a breast self exam.
When should I perform a breast self exam?
You should perform a breast self exam once a month, three to five days after your menstrual period ends. If you have stopped menstruating, perform the exam on the same day of each month. With each exam, you will become familiar with the contours and feel of your breasts and will be more alert to changes.
How do I perform a breast self exam?
To perform a breast self exam, follow the steps described below.
1. The first part of the exam is inspection, or looking at your breasts. Stand undressed from waist up in front of a large mirror in a well-lighted room. Look at your breasts. Don’t be alarmed if they do not look equal in size or shape. Most women’s breast are not. With your arms relaxed by your sides, look for any changes in your breasts’ size, shape, texture or skin. Look for skin puckering, dimpling, sores or discoloration. Inspect your nipples and look for any sores, peeling or change in the direction of the nipples.
2. Next, place your hands on your hips and press down firmly to tighten the chest muscles beneath your breasts. Turn from side to side so you can inspect the outer part of your breasts.
3. Then bend forward toward the mirror. Roll your shoulders and elbows forward to tighten your chest muscles. Your breasts will fall forward. Look for any changes in the shape or contour of your breasts.
4. Now, clasp your hands behind your head and press your hands forward. Again, turn from side to side to inspect your breasts’ outer portions. Remember to inspect the border underneath your breasts. You may need to lift your breasts with your hand to see this area.
5. Check your nipples for discharge (fluid). Place your thumb and forefinger on the tissue surrounding the nipple and pull outward toward the end of the nipple. Look for any discharge. Repeat on your other breast.
6. The second part of the exam is palpation, or feeling for changes. It is helpful to have your hands slippery with soap and water. Check for any lumps or thickening in your underarm area. Place your left hand on your hip and reach with your right hand to feel in the left armpit. Repeat on the other side.
7. Check both sides for lumps or thickenings above and below your collarbone.
8. With hands soapy, support the breast with one hand while using the other hand to feel the tissue. Use the flat part of your fingers to press gently into the breast. Follow an up-and-down pattern along the breast, moving from bra line to collarbone. Continue the pattern until you have covered the entire breast. Repeat on the other side.
9. Next, lie down and place a small pillow or folded towel under your right shoulder. Put your right hand behind your head. Place your left hand on the upper portion of your right breast with fingers together and flat. Body lotion may help to make palpation easier.
10. Think of your breast as a face on a clock. Start at 12’ o’clock and move toward 1 o’clock in small circular motions. Continue around the entire circle until you reach 12 o’clock again. Keep your fingers flat and in constant contact with your breast. When the circle is complete, move in one inch toward the nipple and complete another circle around the clock. Continue in this pattern until your entire breast has been palpated. Make sure to palpate the upper outer areas that extend into your armpit.
11. Place your fingers flat and directly on top of your nipple. Feel beneath the nipple for any changes. Gently press your nipple inward. It should move easily.
Repeat steps 9, 10, and 11 on other side.
How can I protect myself from breast cancer?
Follow these three steps for early detection of breast cancer:
- Get a mammogram. The American Cancer Society recommends that women follow these guidelines:
- First mammogram by age 40
- Age 40 to 49, mammogram every one to two years
- Age 50 and over, mammogram every year
- Perform a breast self exam once a month.
- Have your breast examined by a health care provider at least once a year. Breast exams can detect lumps that may not be detected by mammogram or breast self exam.
Mammograms an important part of your health history. If you go to another health care provider, or move, take the film (mammogram) with you.
Where can I learn more?
National Cancer Institute
Bethesda, MD 20205
NCI Cancer Information Hotline
Ph: 800.422.6237 (800.4.CANCER)
American Cancer Society
1599 Clifton Road, NE
Atlanta, GA 30329
Ph: 800.227.2345
Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation
5005 LBJ Freeway, Suite 370
Dallas, Texas 75244
800.462.9273
For More Information
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