There are different medication options for people who wish to quit using tobacco. Each smoker or chewer is different. There is not a perfect way or a magic pill to help you quit smoking or chewing. Some just quit while others need help with medications and/or counseling.
There are several prescription medications that increase long-term tobacco quit rates. When used as part of a smoking cessation program, these prescription medications can be extremely effective.
As with all medications, there can be side effects. Always read the product information carefully before use, and be sure to contact your doctor if you have any questions.
Nicotine Nasal Spray
Nicotine that can help you stop smoking also comes in the form of a nasal spray, available only by prescription. Like the patch and the gum, the amount taken is gradually decreased during a period of 12 weeks by decreasing the dose.
Common side effects of nicotine nasal spray include, but are not limited to:
- Back pain
- Constipation
- Coughing
- Indigestion or nausea
- Runny nose
- Sneezing
- Watery eyes
- Headache
- Burning feeling in the back of the throat or nose
Nicotine Inhaler
A nicotine inhaler can be used for up to six months as part of a smoking cessation program. When the inhaler is used, nicotine passes from the lining of the mouth and throat (not the lungs) into the bloodstream. Like other nicotine products, you will decrease the dosage during the recommended time (usually several weeks) or until you are able to resist cravings on your own.
Common side effects include, but are not limited to:
- Coughing
- Indigestion
- Mouth and throat irritation
- Stuffy nose
Bupropion (Zyban, Wellbutrin)
Bupropion is an antidepressant that is only available by prescription. It does not contain nicotine. It is thought to go to the same areas of the brain that nicotine does and will help control cravings. It is prescribed along with counseling to aid in smoking cessation.
Bupropion comes in tablets that are to be swallowed whole, not crushed, divided or altered in any way. Individual prescription strengths may vary, so be sure to follow the directions on the label. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.
Common side effects of bupropion include, but are not limited to:
- Dry mouth
- Sweating
- Insomnia
- Rash
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Anxiety
- Restlessness
- Irritability
- Indigestion
- Decreased appetite
- Seizures
Do not take bupropion if you have taken a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) within the last 14 days. MAOIs are sometimes used to treat depression. There are other drugs that might interact with bupropion, so be sure to tell your doctor about any over-the-counter or prescription medicines you are taking.
In July 2009, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required bupropion products to carry new safety information in a boxed warning on their labeling. This safety information cites serious risks for users taking these drugs. These risks include changes in behavior, depressed mood, hostility and suicidal thoughts or actions. In addition, the medical guide for Zyban cites other adverse effects and risks, including seizures, high blood pressure and allergic reactions.
Varenicline (Chantix)
Varenicline is a prescription medication that does not contain nicotine. It helps to reduce the reinforcing effects of nicotine and can minimize the withdrawal effects. Typically, this medication is recommended for a minimum of 12 weeks in conjunction with smoking cessation counseling.
Common side effects of varenicline include, but are not limited to:
- Nausea
- Insomnia
- Headache
- Abnormal dreams
- Constipation
- Flatulence
- Vomiting
In July 2009, FDA required varenicline products to carry new safety information in a boxed warning on their labeling. This safety information cites serious risks for users taking these drugs. These risks include changes in behavior, depressed mood, hostility, and suicidal thoughts or actions. In addition, the medical guide for Chantix cites other adverse effects and risks, including allergic reactions, serious skin reactions and trouble driving or operating heavy machinery.
Schedule an Appointment
To schedule an appointment with Cleveland Clinic Tobacco Treatment Center, call 216.444.8111.
Content reviewed by Susan Jung, ANP-C, Cleveland Clinic Tobacco Treatment Center
