What is IUGR?
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), also called fetal growth restriction, is a condition in which the fetus is smaller than expected for the number of weeks of pregnancy. Newborn babies with IUGR are often described as small for their gestational age (SGA).
What causes IUGR?
This condition has various causes. The most common cause is a problem in the placenta (the organ that connects the developing fetus to the mother’s uterus). Birth defects and genetic disorders can cause IUGR. Additional causes include infection in the mother or high blood pressure in the mother. A pregnant woman who smokes, drinks too much alcohol, or abuses drugs also might have a baby with IUGR. In some cases, a prescription medicine that the mother is taking causes IUGR.
What are the symptoms of IUGR?
Newborn babies with IUGR often appear thin, pale, and have loose, dry skin. The umbilical cord is often thin and dull-looking rather than shiny and fat. Babies with IUGR sometimes have a wide-eyed look. Some babies with IUGR do not have this malnourished appearance but are small all over.
How is IUGR diagnosed?
During pregnancy, the size of the fetus can be estimated in different ways. One means of estimating is to measure the height of the fundus (the top of a pregnant woman’s uterus) from the pubic bone. Usually, the number of centimeters in the measurement is in line with the number of weeks of pregnancy after the 20 th week. The baby might be smaller than anticipated if the measurement is low for the number of weeks. Additional diagnostic procedures include:
- Ultrasound—This is a test using sound waves to create a picture of internal structures. The head and abdomen of the fetus can be measured and compared with a growth chart to estimate the weight of the fetus.
- Doppler flow—This is a test that uses sound waves to measure blood flow. The sound of the moving blood produces waveforms that reflect the blood’s amount and speed as it moves through a blood vessel. Vessels in the brain of the fetus, as well as the umbilical cord blood flow, can be checked with Doppler flow studies.
- Weight gain of the mother—A pregnant woman’s weight can indicate the size of her fetus. A small amount of weight gain in pregnancy might mean that the fetus will be small.
How is IUGR treated?
It is not possible to reverse IUGR, but some treatments might help slow or minimize the effects. Treatments might include:
- Nutrition—According to some studies, an increase in maternal nutrition can increase fetal growth.
- Bed rest—Rest in the hospital or at home can help to improve circulation to the fetus.
- Early delivery—An early delivery might be necessary if IUGR places the fetus’ health in danger.
Can IUGR be prevented?
IUGR can occur even when the mother is in good health. However, some factors including cigarette smoking and the mother’s poor nutrition can increase the risks of IUGR. Adequate prenatal care can reduce the risk for developing IUGR. Early detection can help with treating IUGR.
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This information is provided by the Cleveland Clinic and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or health care provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition. This document was last reviewed on: 3/11/2005
