Common brand name: Zyloprim ®
Why is this drug prescribed?
Allopurinol is used to treat chronic gout (a form of arthritis). It works by preventing the formation of uric acid (a product of the metabolism of protein that's present in the blood and released in the urine). Blocking uric acid production helps prevent gout attacks and the formation of kidney stones or other kidney problems. The dosage of medicine needs to be adjusted downward in patients with kidney problems.
How and when should allopurinol be used?
Allopurinol comes in tablets and is usually taken once a day, preferably after meals. Your prescription label tells you how much to take at each dose. Follow these instructions carefully and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part that you do not understand. Do not skip doses or take less of the medicine than your doctor prescribes. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription. Since allopurinol has no pain or anti-inflammatory activity, it is of no value in the treatment of acute attacks.
What special instructions should I follow while using this drug?
- Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory so your response to the drug can be monitored.
- Drink at least eight glasses of water or other fluids each day, unless instructed otherwise by your doctor.
- Alcohol can decrease the effectiveness of allopurinol. Ask your doctor for advice on drinking alcoholic beverages.
- Do not drink excessive amounts of beverages containing vitamin C (such as fruit juices), and do not take vitamin C supplements. Too much vitamin C in combination with allopurinol might make your urine more acidic and cause kidney stones.
What are the common side effects? What can I do about them?
- Indigestion, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
Take the medication after meals and call your doctor if these symptoms are persistent or severe.
- Drowsiness
Use caution when performing activities that require alertness. Do not drive a car or operate machinery until you know how allopurinol affects you.
- Skin rash
A skin rash might occur if you are also taking diuretics (water pills). Notify your doctor if you develop a skin rash. The incidence of rash might be increased in patients with renal insufficiency. Skin reactions might be delayed. They have been reported to occur as long as two years after beginning treatment.
Please note: The side effects listed are the most common. Always contact your doctor if you have questions about your personal situation.
When should I call my doctor?
Call your doctor right away if you:
- Develop a skin rash
- Have a fever of 101°F (38.3°C) or higher
- Notice a decreased daily output of urine
- Have an acute attack of gout
- Have any other symptoms that cause concern
What should I do if I forget to take a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Take any remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals, but do not take a double dose. If you miss two or more doses of allopurinol in a row, contact your doctor for advice.
What storage conditions are necessary for this drug?
- Keep allopurinol in the container it came in.
- Store tablets at room temperature.
- Store it away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight.
- Keep allopurinol out of the reach of children.
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This information is provided by the Cleveland Clinic and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or health care provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition. This document was last reviewed on: 4/15/2003
