Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that at one time
affected nearly everyone before the age of 20. But with the development of a
vaccine and widespread immunization, measles has become a very rare disease in
the United States. Today, cases of measles in the US are usually imported from
foreign countries and very rarely, outbreaks are reported, usually on college
campuses or in children who have not been immunized.
There are now very few cases of measles in the United States,
because of the success of the measles vaccine. However, some parents are
concerned that the measles vaccine – usually combined with the mumps and rubella
(MMR) vaccine – may cause autism. Large studies have shown no connection
between the MMR vaccine and autism, and the risks and complications associated
with contracting measles can be very serious.
How is measles spread?
Measles is caused by a virus that is spread by contact with droplets from
the nose, mouth, or throat of an infected person. Symptoms of measles usually do
not appear until 8-12 days after coming into contact with the virus.
What are the symptoms of measles?
The most common symptoms associated with measles include high fever, a barky
cough, red or bloodshot eyes, runny nose, followed by a red rash, which starts
at the head and then spreads downward. Other symptoms of measles include:
- Sore throat
- High fever
- Muscle pain
- Sensitivity to light
There are many complications associated with measles. Some of
the complications are very serious and occur most frequently in babies or adults
who contract the disease. These include ear infections, bronchitis, and
pneumonia. However, the most serious complication associated with measles is
encephalitis, an infection of the brain. Encephalitis can lead to convulsions,
hearing loss, and mental retardation, and affects approximately 1 of every 1,000
children infected with measles. Despite advances in medicine, measles can still
occasionally be fatal because of these complications.
How is measles treated?
There is no treatment for measles. Once a person is infected, the virus must
run its course (usually 10 to 14 days). Bed rest, acetaminophen, and other
medications are often recommended or given to help treat symptoms.
What is the prognosis for measles?
The outcome for most cases of measles is excellent. Once the disease passes,
the person will be protected against contracting it again. In cases where there
are severe complications, the chances of lingering effects are less certain and
vary on a case-by- case basis.
When should my child be vaccinated for measles?
The MMR vaccine is often given in two shots. The first shot is given around
the age of 12-15 months, and the second around 4 or 5 years of age. If a child
has not been immunized, measles can still be prevented by receiving the vaccine
within three days of exposure to the virus. As previously mentioned, concern
about the vaccine causing autism is unwarranted, and all children should be
immunized against measles.
Is there anybody who should not receive the MMR vaccine?
The measles vaccine should not be given to pregnant women, or to people who
have leukemia, lymphoma, or a depressed immune system.
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This information is provided by the Cleveland Clinic and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or health care provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition. This document was last reviewed on: 1/24/2008...#8584
