Hypertension
Hypertension: A Hidden Danger
Although athletes are perceived as being very healthy, their most commonly diagnosed cardiovascular problem is hypertension, or high blood pressure. Because it does not produce symptoms, high blood pressure is a hidden danger to athletes.
Certain athletes may be at increased risk of developing hypertension, including those who have diabetes or chronic kidney disease; who are black or older in age; and those who are in wheelchairs. Football linemen, boxers and weight lifters also are included in the risk group since they tend to be heavier.
What about my sport?
When hypertension is diagnosed, athletes usually ask how it will affect sports participation. Their physicians will determine whether they can participate in sports, including what physical activities are safe, after a comprehensive physical examination.
Here are some general guidelines:
Athletes with mild hypertension can usually participate in all sports without restrictions. Athletes with moderate hypertension may participate in most activities that are dynamic or static in nature, such as walking, jogging, volleyball, swimming and cycling. Strength training and high-static, high-intensity activities should be avoided until blood pressure control is obtained. Athletes diagnosed with severe hypertension should avoid all physical activity until their blood pressure is well under control and maintained. If blood pressure is managed effectively and controlled, athletes should be able to participate safely in sports as long as they are closely monitored by a physician.
Lifestyle changes
Some lifestyle changes may help lower blood pressure. The physician may recommend moderate exercise to help lower blood pressure. Other lifestyle changes include weight reduction, decreased alcohol and sodium intake, increased calcium and potassium intake, and quitting smoking.
When hypertension is diagnosed, athletes should be treated and closely monitored to ensure that the treatment is effective. Blood pressure should be rechecked every two to four months.
If high blood pressure is untreated, it can lead to serious diseases of the cardiovascular system.
